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The AC joint connects the collarbone to the highest point of the shoulder blade and helps support shoulder movement and stability. This page provides an overview of acromioclavicular joint dislocation, from symptoms and causes to treatment and recovery options.
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Shoulder
The acromioclavicular (AC) joint, also commonly called the shoulder separation, connects the collarbone to the shoulder blade (acromion process). This joint plays an important role in stabilizing the shoulder and allowing a wide range of motion. However, AC joint injuries are relatively common, especially among athletes and those involved in activities with high impact forces.
An AC joint injury refers to damage to the ligaments around the joint, or in severe cases, a fracture of the clavicle near the AC joint. These injuries can range from mild sprains to complete tears of the ligament, causing varying degrees of pain, instability, and limitations in shoulder movement.
The most common symptoms of an AC joint injury include:
Several factors can contribute to AC joint injuries:
A forceful blow to the point of the shoulder, such as a fall on an outstretched arm or a direct hit during contact sports (soccer, rugby), can damage the AC ligament.
Falling on the shoulder or landing awkwardly with outstretched arms can cause AC joint injuries.
Activities that involve repetitive overhead movements, such as weightlifting or throwing sports (baseball, tennis), can stress the AC joint ligament over time, causing microtears. and possible injury may occur.
Car accidents, especially side impact collisions, can cause significant trauma to the shoulder and AC joint.
Some factors can increase your risk of AC joint injury:
Sports such as football, rugby, hockey, and martial arts put athletes at high risk for falls and direct blows to the shoulder.
A weak core can put extra stress on the shoulder and AC joint during strenuous activities.
Previous injuries to the shoulder joint or AC joint can weaken the structure, making them more susceptible to future injuries.
This condition weakens the bones, increasing the risk of fractures, including near the AC joint. In such cases, medical professionals may discuss osteoporosis treatment as part of broader bone health management.
Shoulder separations are categorised by severity. These are often diagnosed through clinical evaluation and imaging.
Involves a stretched ligament without actual tearing. The joint remains stable, but pain and swelling are present.
The ligaments are partially torn, and a slight displacement may be seen. Discomfort and restricted motion are common.
Both AC and coracoclavicular ligaments are torn, causing the collarbone to move out of position and form a visible bump.
Rare cases where the collarbone is pushed backward or downward. These are typically linked to high-impact trauma and may require surgical consideration.
Treatment of AC joint injuries depends on the severity of ligament damage. Here’s an overview of common treatment options:
Losing weight, even a small amount, can significantly reduce stress on the hip joint and improve symptoms.
Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or other pain relievers can help manage pain and inflammation. Topical pain medications such as creams or gels may also provide relief.
Applying heat with a heating pad or warm compress can help relax tight muscles before activity, while applying a cold pack after activity can reduce pain and inflammation.
Using a cane or walking stick can help reduce stress on the hip joint while walking.
Avoiding activities that aggravate pain, especially those that involve overhead movement, is crucial for early healing.
Applying an ice pack to the affected area for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day can help reduce pain and inflammation.
Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and discomfort.
In some cases, wearing a sling for a short period of time (1-2 weeks) can help stabilize the joint and promote healing. However, prolonged immobilization can lead to stiffness, so early range-of-motion exercises are essential.
Physical therapy plays an important role in rehabilitation.
Strategies such as ultrasound therapy or electrical stimulation can be used to manage pain and promote healing.
In some cases, injecting corticosteroids around the AC joint can relieve pain and reduce inflammation. However, repeated injections are not recommended due to possible side effects.
Surgery for AC joint injuries is rarely necessary and is usually reserved for severe cases where a complete ligament tear with significant joint instability or a broken collarbone displaces a large piece of bone and needs to be fixed.
The type of surgery depends on the specific injury. This may include:
A minimally invasive procedure using a camera and small instruments to repair torn ligaments.
In some cases, a traditional open incision may be necessary for complex repairs.
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The shoulder joint is made up of three bones: the collarbone, shoulder blade, and upper arm bone. The AC joint connects the collarbone to the shoulder blade and helps maintain stability during arm movement. Because this joint handles both load and motion, it’s especially vulnerable to injury during falls or high-impact activity.
Mild injuries like Type I or II shoulder separations often heal without surgery. Rest, ice, and avoiding overhead activities can support recovery. However, moderate to severe injuries may require longer recovery or further intervention.
Recovery depends on the injury type:
– Type I–II: 2–4 weeks with rest and rehabilitation
– Type III: 6–12 weeks, depending on symptoms
– Type IV–VI: May require longer recovery and further care if surgery is involved
Yes, many AC joint injuries are managed conservatively with non-surgical care, such as:
– Ice therapy
– Sling support
– Physiotherapy
– Medication for pain relief
Surgery may be discussed if symptoms persist or the joint remains unstable.
Common symptoms include:
– Pain at the top of the shoulder
– Swelling or bruising
– Limited arm movement
– Popping sound at the time of injury
– Visible bump or deformity
Understand how joint instability can affect the shoulder and impact arm movement.
Explore how joint inflammation in the neck can contribute to pain, stiffness, and limited movement.
Learn how reduced joint mobility in the shoulder capsule can affect daily life and recovery.
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