Low back pain

Spine

Low back pain

Low back pain, also known as lumbago, is a common and often frustrating experience that affects millions of people around the world. This is pain or discomfort felt in the lower back, specifically between the lower ribs and buttocks. This pain can range from a mild ache to a sharp and debilitating sensation, having a significant impact on daily activities and quality of life. Although low back pain can be alarming, it is important to understand that it is rarely a sign of a serious underlying condition and usually resolves with proper care and self-management.

What are the Symptoms?

The most important symptom of low back pain is localized pain in the lower back. This pain can vary in nature, including:

  • Pain: Dull, stabbing pain that may be constant or intermittent. 
  • Acute: Sudden, stabbing pain that may worsen with certain movements. 
  • Burning: A burning sensation in the lower back. 
  • Stiffness: Difficulty bending forward, twisting, or standing up straight. 
  • Muscle spasms: Involuntary contractions of the muscles of the lower back, causing sudden, intense pain. 
  • Sciatica: Pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness radiating to one leg along the path of the sciatic nerve. 

What are the Causes & Risk Factor?

They have a clearly identifiable source, such as:

Predisposing factors of low back pain/ People at risk:

  • Occupation: Jobs that involve heavy lifting, prolonged sitting, awkward posture, or vibration can put extra stress on the lower back, increasing the risk of back pain. Examples include construction work, nursing, driving, and desk jobs. 
  • Obesity: Excess weight puts extra stress on the spine, including the lower back, making it more susceptible to pain and injury. 
  • Smoking: Smoking can weaken discs and reduce blood flow to the spine, speeding degeneration and increasing the risk of pain. 
  • Physical inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle can weaken the muscles that support the spine, leading to poor posture and an increased risk of back pain. 
  • Stress and anxiety: These can contribute to muscle tension and the perception of pain, potentially worsening low back pain. 
  • Previous back injuries: People with a history of back injuries or sprains are more susceptible to future episodes of low back pain due to weakened tissues and altered mechanics. 
  • Genetics: Some people may have a genetic predisposition to weak connective tissues or certain conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis, which can increase the risk of lower back pain. 

Diagnosis of Low Back Pain

They have a clearly identifiable source, such as:

  • Medical History and Physical Exam: Assessing symptoms, events leading to pain, and physical findings. 
  • Motor and Sensory Exams: Testing muscle strength, reflexes, and sensation. 
  • Imaging Studies: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to evaluate the spine. 
  • Other Tests: Nerve conduction studies or electromyograms (EMGs) to assess nerve function. 

Low back pain treatment options

The good news is that most cases of lower back pain get better within a few weeks or months with conservative treatment. Treatment usually focuses on managing pain, reducing inflammation, and promoting healing.

Other possible treatment options:

Surgery:

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Spine - Neck

Shoulder & Elbow

Spine — Back

Wrist & Hand

Knee

Ankle

Foot